Independent researcher · Fundamental physics

Mehrdad Pajuhaan

Creator of Relator Theory

“At the boundary of math and reality, I search for the right questions before any answers.”

Relator Theory is a proposed two-space framework on C ⊕ R³. In the construction, physical R³ and particle structure are treated as emergent readouts of C-space dynamics under the phase-lock condition Rω = c.

Research areas

I have grouped the papers from the Rω = c foundation through C-space geometry and proposed R³ and particle emergence, then to quantum structure, gravity, QED, matter sectors, and fundamental scales.

06

Emergent QED from C-Space

Conditional bridges from the wider C-space program to Dirac–Maxwell/QED descriptions, including proposed closures for α, the electron state and charge coupling, and the boundary-QED electron pole mass. These are model-dependent constructions and audits, not an established derivation of standard QED.

5

Preprints and research notes

This is the complete publication list. Open any title for a short scientific summary, DOI, and links to the full record.

28 published papers · 9 research areas

Research area

Relator Foundations

Core formulations of Rω = c and proposals for its kinematic basis, including the update-based account of emergent time.

Program foundation

Central constraint · Rω = c
01Rω = c: Relator Theory Foundation (SR/GR + QM)Preprint16 Sept 2025doi:10.5281/zenodo.16743276

This preprint proposes the Relator constraint Rω = c as a common kinematic basis for quantum evolution and relativistic effects. It reports derivations of Lorentz time dilation, the relativistic energy–momentum relation, weak-field gravitational time dilation, light deflection, and a Shapiro-type delay, interpreting them as modulation of quantum phase rather than spacetime curvature.

08Emergent Time from the Rω = c Phase LockLetter19 Dec 2025doi:10.5281/zenodo.17977139

This Letter proposes a discrete state-update rule on the one-complex-dimensional generator space C, from which Rω = c becomes a kinematic consequence and time is counted by update epochs. It also introduces a luminal phase budget and an orthogonal split between internal C rotation and external R³ evolution.

Research area

C-Space Geometry & Structure

Conceptual studies of the complex generator space, Gaussian order, and the internal structure assigned to C before physical readouts are introduced.

03A Note on C-Space: Generator Space, Gaussian Order, and the Emergent ElectronNote11 Mar 2026doi:10.5281/zenodo.18958370

This note interprets C as a physical generator space while retaining standard quantum, variational, Gaussian, Maxwell, and infrared Dirac mathematics. It links a Gaussian state on C, its Hubbard–Stratonovich lift into R³, and a locked one-loop electron, treating electron mass as an emergent infrared quantity rather than a bare input.

Research area

Emergence from C-Space

Conditional two-space constructions in which physical R³ descriptions or particle properties are read from locked C-space configurations rather than introduced as primitive inputs.

02The World Is a Locked Complex Relation: An Overview of the Two-Space C/R³ Relator TheoryNote31 Jul 2026doi:10.5281/zenodo.21722384

This overview presents particles and fields as effective descriptions of locked complex relations rather than primitive objects. It assigns phase to clocking, winding, and electromagnetic holonomy, and positive scale to distance and gravitational deficit, then summarizes proposed links to the fine-structure constant, electron mass, and a three-loop baryonic sector.

16Emergent Electron Mass from Two-Space BoundaryPreprint15 May 2026doi:10.5281/zenodo.17219278

This paper formulates a candidate rest-frame closure for electron mass using a locked Gaussian ring across separate generator and propagation spaces. Two independent scalar and vector closure paths yield stationary radii and mass expressions built from the Planck scale, α, and dimensionless geometry; their numerical outputs are compared with the CODATA electron rest energy.

Research area

Quantum Structure & Dynamics

Relator-based proposals for entanglement, measurement, uncertainty, and dispersion control in quantum evolution.

07Relator Lock Rω = c and the Geometric Origin of the Heisenberg Uncertainty BoundNote02 Dec 2025doi:10.5281/zenodo.17791078

Within Relator kinematics, this note combines the Rω = c lock, E = ℏω, and a rotationally symmetric Gaussian energy profile on C. It reports a state-independent energy–time action and an averaged scale of ℏ/2, presenting this as a geometric realization of saturated energy–time uncertainty consistent with Gaussian position–momentum packets.

06Dispersion-Free Schrödinger Evolution with an Rω = c Phase LockLetter14 Sept 2025doi:10.5281/zenodo.17116748

This Letter introduces a conservative nonlinear modification of single-particle Schrödinger dynamics that represents the Rω = c lock through amplitude–phase coupling. From an effective Lagrangian it derives a real phase potential while preserving norm and standard continuity; numerical simulations report that negative coupling suppresses Gaussian wave-packet dispersion over the tested interval.

04Plato’s Quantum Cave, Entanglement and Classical PhysicsPreprint08 Aug 2025doi:10.5281/zenodo.16778860

This paper proposes that entanglement emerges from the Relator condition Rω = c in a two-space construction separating internal generator space C from ordinary propagation space R³. It describes interactions as creating a shared internal-frequency component and resonant coupling in C-space, intended as a geometric account of entanglement and the classical–quantum divide.

05Measurement as Quantum BifurcationPreprint08 Aug 2025doi:10.5281/zenodo.16779902

This paper introduces Quantum Bifurcation Theory, in which measurement is modeled as an interaction-induced geometric bifurcation constrained by Rω = c. It proposes a joint account of interference and entanglement without explicit collapse or hidden variables, and reports recovery of interference patterns, Bell correlations, Tsirelson’s bound, and no-signaling.

Research area

Relativity, Gravity & Unification

Covariant formulations and conditional links to relativistic kinematics, gravity, phase–scale symmetry, and unified electromagnetic–gravitational readouts.

12In Answer to Albert Einstein / The Unified Field from C-SpacePreprint11 Aug 2026doi:10.5281/zenodo.21889580

This preprint interprets Einstein’s Hermitian 10+6 tensor as a spacetime readout of a locked transfer from internal C-space. It associates modulus with three-dimensional distance and phase with a U(1) connection, recasts Einstein’s auxiliary restrictions geometrically, and reports that the reduced two-derivative dynamics matches the ADM–Maxwell system.

10Quantum Phase-Scale Symmetry and GravityPreprint24 Jul 2026doi:10.5281/zenodo.21535880

The paper proposes a local phase–scale transformation that unifies electromagnetic U(1) and gravitational positive-scale gauge branches. From invariant clock and ruler relations plus a Gaussian information cost, it derives a field equation, Newtonian two-body attraction, a lapse–metric relation, and an exact Schwarzschild static vacuum within the stated construction.

11One Kernel Behind Gravity and ElectromagnetismPreprint10 May 2026doi:10.5281/zenodo.17737554

Within a conditional Relator construction, the preprint models gravity and electromagnetism as distinct infrared readouts of a shared Gaussian–Coulomb edge kernel on C, with fields represented in R³. It reports recovery of Newton and Coulomb potentials and an Einstein–Maxwell–Dirac reading, subject to explicit refinement, locality, positivity, and normalization assumptions.

09From General Relativity to the Relator Theory; Covariant Bookkeeping and the C-Space MicrostructurePreprint28 Dec 2025doi:10.5281/zenodo.18075170

This preprint recasts the Relator lock Rω = c and its complex–spatial frequency decomposition within covariant general relativity. It proposes an internal complex fiber populated by an energy-dot ensemble whose maximum-entropy state is Gaussian, then shows how special relativity, gravitational redshift, and the massless sector arise as limiting cases.

Research area

Emergent QED from C-Space

Conditional bridges from the wider C-space program to Dirac–Maxwell/QED descriptions, including proposed closures for α, the electron state and charge coupling, and the boundary-QED electron pole mass. These are model-dependent constructions and audits, not an established derivation of standard QED.

18A Boundary-QED Formula for the Electron Pole Mass (Letter)Letter26 Jul 2026doi:10.5281/zenodo.20857052

This Letter studies a Planck-cutoff QED–Dirac–Maxwell boundary problem in which an Eguchi–Hanson Maxwell action fixes an exponential factor. Balancing fixed-charge and collar-stiffness terms determines a stationary radius and an electron-mass estimate; the abstract reports reduced-branch and one-loop-audited values without using the observed electron mass as input.

19Electron Mass in Boundary QED on Eguchi–Hanson Space (Full Version)Note26 Jul 2026doi:10.5281/zenodo.21609139

The full preprint derives an electron-mass formula from massless QED coupled semiclassically to Euclidean Einstein gravity on Eguchi–Hanson space. A spin structure, Gaussian source profile, boundary location, radial response, and one binary homogeneity axiom define the construction; radial stationarity yields a one-loop estimate compared with the observed mass only as an audit.

Zenodo ResearchGate link not providedDOI 10.5281/zenodo.21609139
14A Parameter-Free Dirac–QED Finite-Part Closure for the Emergent Fine-Structure ConstantNote28 Apr 2026doi:10.5281/zenodo.19852219

This note recasts the broader Alpha/Relator route as a conditional Dirac–QED finite-part closure for the fine-structure constant using standard Dirac/QED ingredients plus five explicit nonstandard assumptions. With no measured α or continuous fit parameter inserted, a reduced audit matches CODATA closely; an error-bounded transverse-photon resolvent evaluation remains necessary for full certification.

13Alpha — The Emergent Fine-Structure ConstantPreprint27 Apr 2026doi:10.5281/zenodo.16944532

This paper proposes a conditional shell-geometric mechanism that selects the fine-structure coupling from an Rω = c lock, pinned electron branch, scalar slowdown law, vector shell geometry, and a universal logarithmic coefficient. It reports a value near the accepted benchmark and derives a related pure-photonic electron g−2 series as a cross-check.

17A Note on the Emergent Electron Structure: From Relator UV Dynamics to Dirac IR Physics in C ⊕ R³Note28 Feb 2026doi:10.5281/zenodo.18812629

This note formulates the Relator electron as a stationary-action problem on C ⊕ R³ and connects the result to Dirac and special-relativistic infrared physics. Its variational locks are said to determine electron mass without an inserted mass parameter; phase gauging supplies charge and Maxwell coupling, while a Pauli term accommodates g−2.

Research area

Leptons & Mass Hierarchies

Relator-based studies of charged-lepton magnetic anomalies and charged-lepton and neutrino mass hierarchies, with QED or measured values used as external benchmarks where stated.

20Charged-Lepton Mass Hierarchy LawPreprint23 May 2026doi:10.5281/zenodo.17069630

This paper derives a closed charged-lepton mass-ladder law in which the electron, muon, and tau are treated as three shell realizations of one Gaussian Relator core. Shell-dependent source terms pass through a determinant-normalized Schur/Feshbach construction before producing mass logarithms; it reports electron-anchored muon and tau ratios without fitting those masses.

15Leptonic g−2 from Relator Phase-Clock Time Dilation — Without Perturbative QEDPreprint16 May 2026doi:10.5281/zenodo.16788499

This paper presents a finite electromagnetic-sector Relator calculation of charged-lepton g−2, treating the anomaly as the magnetic image of self-field-induced internal-clock slowdown rather than an independent Pauli term. A universal shell branch is combined with lepton-mass-dependent source-covariance terms, and the resulting coefficients are compared externally with pure-photonic QED benchmarks.

21A Closed, Fit-Free Prediction for the Neutrino Mass Hierarchy from the Charged-Lepton Emergent PipelineNote17 Sept 2025doi:10.5281/zenodo.17137038

This paper extends the charged-lepton Relator construction to normally ordered neutrino masses using a ring–collar geometry fixed by Rω = c. With coefficients obtained from analytic series and one-dimensional integrals, it reports mass ratios and a mass-squared-splitting ratio, then compares them with global-fit values while stating that no neutrino data enter the construction.

Research area

Hadrons, Bosons & Phenomenology

Conditional studies of proton and neutron structure, multi-loop massive-boson states, and collider phenomenology.

28A Relator-Z₅ Multi-TeV Charged-Vector Benchmark for High-MT LHC Charged-Current RecastsLetter02 May 2026doi:10.5281/zenodo.19974788

This Letter defines a recastable Relator-Z₅ charged-vector benchmark for LHC searches, centered on a 10.7707 TeV spin-1, unit-charge state and a heavier partner near 22 TeV. It identifies interference in the high-MT charged-current Drell–Yan tail as the main observable, conditional on unresolved geometric overlap and interference parameters.

27A Projective Hesse Junction Gate for Z₃-Locked Triplet States in the Relator FrameworkNote30 Apr 2026doi:10.5281/zenodo.19918916

The preprint replaces a scalar Z₃ triplet junction gate with a bounded projective Hesse construction on CP². Under stated shell-admission and spectral-matching assumptions, it gives conditional formulas for a proton-candidate/electron mass ratio and charge spacing, plus a reduced geometric proton g-factor estimate, while withholding a full baryonic magnetic derivation.

26Relator Z₄-Locked Emergence of the Massive Bosons (W, Z, H) and a Z₅ Multi-TeV Charged QuartetNote25 Feb 2026doi:10.5281/zenodo.18769332

The preprint extends the Relator closure to a Z₄-locked four-loop bouquet, which it claims selects an electroweak-scale parent and a parameter-free W–Z–H mass triad. It associates topology with dominant couplings and decay channels, and predicts a heavier Z₅ rung that could yield new resonance scales at sufficiently energetic collisions.

25A Two-Body Invariant Unlocking Estimate for the Free Neutron Mean LifeNote31 Jan 2026doi:10.5281/zenodo.18439489

The preprint models a neutron as a lock between a Z₃-stabilized proton junction and a one-loop lepton. Using the Relator phase budget, Gaussian collar, measured neutron g-factor, and PDG/CODATA inputs, it formulates an invariant “attempt × gate” decay rate and reports a mean lifetime of 877.83 s.

24Three-Loop Junction Stability and the Proton–Electron Mass Ratio in the Relator FrameworkLetter31 Dec 2025doi:10.5281/zenodo.18108075

This Letter extends the one-loop Relator construction to a Z₃-locked three-loop bouquet as a proton candidate. Without introducing QCD microphysics or fitted couplings, it derives a closed proton–electron mass-ratio estimate while explicitly acknowledging omitted composite microstructure; the reported value exceeds the CODATA ratio by about 405 ppm.

Research area

Thermodynamics & Fundamental Scales

Proposed links between C-space statistics, entropy, cosmic age, the Planck scale, and microscopic parameters.

23Emergent Entropy from a One-Dimensional Complex SpacePreprint30 Nov 2025doi:10.5281/zenodo.17770737

The preprint asks whether entropy can arise from the algebra of a one-dimensional complex generator space. Assuming luminal “energy dots,” symmetry, additivity, and a fixed information-update rate, it argues that Shannon entropy and a circular Gaussian distribution follow, interpreting entropy as a statistical expression of the underlying complex structure.

22Planck Length from Electron Mass and Universe AgeLetter20 Nov 2025doi:10.5281/zenodo.17662818

This Letter reports a numerical conjecture relating the Planck length, electron and Planck masses, and a cosmic radius derived from the Universe’s age. The proposed scaling links microscopic and cosmological quantities, but the abstract explicitly states that it lacks an established microscopic derivation and does not yet constitute a complete physical theory.

Research discussion

This is an independent theoretical program, and I welcome serious discussion about its mathematical consistency, physical assumptions, and testable consequences—especially in quantum foundations, gravitation, and particle structure.